Calculus explained, Why it builds up on your teeth and how we get rid of it

By Dr Tom Shumack, BSci (Syd. Uni), BDent (Hons) (Syd. Uni)Grad Dip Clin Dent (Oral Implants) (Syd.Uni) MRAACDS (PDS)

If you’ve ever had a dental cleaning, you’ve probably heard me use the term "calculus."
But what exactly is calculus? 

No, calculus in this case isn’t some form of complex math, but like math it can present tricky problems. Simply put, calculus is hardened plaque that builds up on your teeth over time. It starts out on your teeth as plaque - a sticky film of bacteria that forms naturally throughout the day. If it isn’t removed through brushing and flossing however, it hardens and turns into calculus. 

  • Where does it form? The most common spots are on the inner surface of your lower front teeth. This is where plaque tends to accumulate and, if left unchecked, hardens into calculus.

  • What does it look like? Under a microscope, calculus looks like a rough, Velcro-like surface. This makes it the perfect place for more bacteria to latch on, making it harder to keep your teeth clean.

Why do we need to remove it? 

When calculus builds up, it’s harder to clean with just brushing and flossing. The rough texture attracts bacteria and can lead to more serious issues down the line, such as:

  • Gum irritation and inflammation

  • Bad breath

  • Tooth decay and cavities

  • Gum disease

During your cleaning, I will remove the calculus using special tools. This process not only makes your teeth feel smoother but also helps prevent further buildup. This makes it much easier for you to keep your teeth clean between visits.

So, while calculus may sound like a complicated issue, in reality, it's just the result of plaque building up and hardening. In between your check-ups, regular cleanings and good at-home hygiene are your best defense. Keep brushing, flossing and leave the tricky stuff to us!


How Can You Prevent Calculus Buildup?

While it’s impossible to stop plaque from forming altogether, you can prevent it from hardening into calculus. Here are some simple habits that make a big difference:

  • Brush twice a day using proper technique

  • Floss daily to remove plaque between teeth

  • Use fluoride toothpaste to strengthen enamel

  • Limit sugary snacks and drinks

  • Stay hydrated to support healthy saliva flow

  • Visit your dentist regularly for cleanings and check‑ups

The Bottom Line

A clean mouth doesn’t just feel better—it supports your overall health, boosts your confidence, and helps you maintain a bright, healthy smile for years to come. Keep brushing, keep flossing, and we’ll see you at your next check‑up.

Book in with our hygiene team today at Shumack Dental & Implants. Your gums—and your future self—will thank you.

📞 Call us on (02) 6921 2333

🌐 Visit www.shumackdental.com.au to book online

At Shumack Dental & Implants, your dental care isn’t just delivered—it’s handcrafted.


Tooth Brushing, Oral Health, Calculus, Dental HygieneTom ShumackShumack Dental & Implants